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EARTHWORK

Earthworks are engineering works created during the moving or processing of parts of the earth's surface linking quantities of soil or unformed rock. The earth might be moved to another location and formed into a preferred shape for a purpose. Much of earthworks involve machine excavation and fill or backfill.

Types of excavation

1.         Excavation may be classified by type of material:

Earth excavation

Topsoil excavation

Rock excavation

Muck excavation - this typically contains excess water and unsuitable soil
Unclassified excavation - this is whichever combination of material types

2.         Excavation may be classified by the purpose:

Stripping
Roadway excavation

Drainage or structure excavation

Bridge excavation

Footing excavation

Channel excavation

Dredge excavation

Borrow excavation

Underground Excavation

Civil engineering use

Typical earthworks include roads, causeways, railway beds, dams, canals, levees, and berms. Other common earthworks are land grading to reconfigure the topography of a place, or to stabilize slopes.