Learn free Civil Engineering by Civilustaad about RAINWATER HARVESTING TANKS

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RAINWATER HARVESTING TANKS

Rainwater harvesting is a technique of collection and storage of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the infiltration of surface water into subsurface aquifers (before it is lost as surface runoff). One method of rainwater harvesting is rooftop harvesting. 

With rooftop harvesting, mainly any surface — tiles, plastics, metal sheets, but not grass or palm leaf — can be used to intercept the flow of rainwater and give a household with high-quality drinking water and year-round storage. Other uses comprise water for livestock, gardens, and irrigation, etc.

The reasons for using rainwater harvesting systems answer three questions:

What: Rainwater harvesting will develop water supply, food production, and finally food security.

How: Since rainwater harvesting leads to water supply which leads to food security, this will significantly contribute to income generation.

Who: Water insecure households or individuals in rural areas will advantage the most from rainwater harvesting systems.

Learn free Civil Engineering by Civilustaad about LAKE IACOBDEAL

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LAKE IACOBDEAL

Lake Iacobdeal called by locals "The Fountain" is a man-made lake, formed into a cavetti resulted behind the withdrawal of granite. 

It is located in Turcoaia, Romania County, in a former quarry on the hill Iacobdeal.

The area was covered by water removal point to very harsh granite.

By exploiting the rock of the quarry it came in the deep of the granitic massif, attainment a feldspar vein, difficult to process. Hence, there is need for mass excavation of two galleries stones.

All through the works, dynamited, it was issued an acviver layer, with wealthy flow, under pressure, which threw along the excavation, filling them with water, then poured basin occupying quarry cuvette.

Learn free Civil Engineering by Civilustaad about HYDROSTATICS

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HYDROSTATICS

Hydrostatics, Branch of physics that deals with the characteristics of fluids at rest, chiefly with the pressure in a fluid or exerted by a fluid (gas or liquid) on an absorbed body. In applications, the philosophy of hydrostatics are used for problems connecting to pressure in deep water (pressure increases with depth) and high in the atmosphere (pressure lessens with altitude).

Learn free Civil Engineering by Civilustaad about FISH LADDER

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FISH LADDER

A fish ladder, also known as a fishway, fish pass or fish steps, is a structure on or approximately artificial and natural barriers (such as dams, locks and waterfalls) to aid diadromous fishes' natural migration.

Most fishways facilitate fish to pass around the barriers by swimming and leaping up a series of comparatively low steps (hence the term ladder) into the waters on the other side.

The velocity of water falling above the steps has to be great adequate to attract the fish to the ladder, but it cannot be so great that it washes fish back downstream or exhausts them to the point of incapability to continue their journey upriver.

Learn free Civil Engineering by Civilustaad about Spillway design

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Spillway Design

Structures which are designed to safely liberate excess water during floods from a reservoir to the river downstream exclusive of opening the reservoir gates.

Each reservoir can stock up a specific quantity of water, if this limit is breached during flash floods or tremendous downpours it is necessary to be able to safely discharge this overflow without putting populations downstream in danger.

The design of the spillway is a fragile piece of engineering which ensures that a set amount of water can be discharged securely.