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Learn free Civil Engineering by Civilustaad about SOIL STABILIZATION GEOCELL

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SOIL STABILIZATION GEOCELL

Soil Stabilization is the modification of soils to augment their physical properties. Stabilization can boost the shear strength of a soil and/or control the shrink-swell properties of a soil, thus improving the load bearing capacity of a sub-grade to sustain pavements and foundations.

Learn free Civil Engineering by Civilustaad about SLAB JACKING

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SLAB JACKING

Slab-jacking (also referred to as mud-jacking, concrete raising or concrete leveling) is a concrete repair process that is designed to correct sunken concrete slabs or roadways. Slab-jacking involves raising or leveling a sunken or misaligned slab (such as a sidewalk, patio, driveway, or public road) by pumping a grout mixture under the slab. Numerous grout mixtures/material designs are used for slab-jacking / mud-jacking.

The term "mud-jacking" originated from the use of mud or soil in the mix. Other popular materials for slab-jacking include fly ash, Portland cement, sand or pulverized limestone (and combinations of each).

Slab jacking remains a very enviable method of solving slab problems due to several factors:

more economical than replacing concrete

maintains the texture and appearance of the concrete surface

faster than removal and replacement

increases the load bearing capacity of the slab

extends the useful life of the slab

Learn free Civil Engineering by Civilustaad about SLURRY WALLS

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SLURRY WALLS

Slurry walls give a non- structural barrier against water access, also called cut- off wall and they are executed from a blend of bentonite and cement.

The thickness of slurry walls can range between 50 and 120 cm and the depth varies between 15 and 60 m.

Applications:
Slurry walls are generally used to seal landfills, dams or industrial installations that can pollute underground water.

Execution stages:

Slurry walls are built in the identical manner as the diaphragm walls.

The initial stage consists in the excavation of a trench. In the majority cases the excavation penetrates about 1 - 2 m into a low permeability soil, such as clay, to give water tightness under the wall.

Learn free Civil Engineering by Civilustaad about TIMBER BEAMS

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TIMBER BEAMS

Timber framing and "post-and-beam" construction are methods of building with heavy timbers to a certain extent than dimensional lumber such as 2" x 4" s. Conventional timber framing is the method of creating structures by means of heavy squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs (larger versions of the mortise and tenon joints in furniture). It is routine in wooden buildings from the 19th century and before. The method comes from making things out of logs and tree trunks without modern high tech saws to cut lumber from the starting material stock.

Using axes, adzes, and draw knives, hand-powered auger drill bits (bit and brace), and difficult woodworking, artisans or farmers could steadily assemble a building capable of bearing heavy weight without extreme use of interior space given over to vertical support posts.

Ever since this building method has been used for thousands of years in numerous parts of the world, there are many styles of momentous framing.

These styles are frequently categorized by the kind of foundation, walls, how and where the beams intersect, the use of curved timbers, and the roof framing facts. Three essential types of timber frames in English-speaking countries are the box frame, cruck frame, and aisled frame.

Learn free Civil Engineering by Civilustaad about WET-CURING CONCRETE BLANKET

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WET-CURING CONCRETE BLANKET

Wet Curing concrete Blanket is a reflective blanket particularly designed to be hydrated and inhibit moisture loss through the curing process of concrete.