How to do dynamic bending of beams; A detailed Explanation.

The dynamic bending of beams;

The dynamic bending of beams, also known as flexural vibrations of beams, was earliest investigated by Daniel Bernoulli in the late 18th century. Bernoulli's equation of motion of a vibrating beam tended to overrate the natural frequencies of beams and was enhanced marginally by Rayleigh in 1877 by the adding up of a mid-plane rotation. In 1921 Stephen Timoshenko improved the theory promote by incorporating the effect of shear on the dynamic reaction of bending beams. This allowed the theory to be used for problems linking high frequencies of vibration where the dynamic Euler-Bernoulli theory is insufficient. The Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko theories for the dynamic bending of beams carry on to be used generally by engineers.

Underpinning

Pit underpinning is a conventional underpinning method that stabilizes structures prior to neighboring excavation, using concrete and mortar. A partial width pit (panel) is excavated and shored by hand below the structure and extends to the underpinning design depth. The pit is afterward filled with concrete, leaving several inches of space beneath the bottom of the structure. Mortar is then packed into the space to give the load transfer. After the concrete and mortar attain sufficient strength, added adjacent panels can be constructed as necessary. The complete, cured underpin allows adjacent excavation to take place.

How steel reinforcement binding can be done?

In this video more simple way for steel reinforcement binding have been described. Moreover, site Engineer can benefit from this idea. Civil Engineer are primary beneficiary of this information video.

A log house (or log home) is structurally matching to a log cabin (a house typically made from logs that have not been pulverized into conventional lumber). The term "log cabin" is not favored by most modern-day builders, as it normally refers to a smaller, more rustic log house such as a hunting cabin in the woods, or a summer cottage.

Log construction was the most common building technique in large regions of Sweden, Finland, Norway, the Baltic States and Russia, where straight and tall coniferous trees, such as pine and spruce, are eagerly available. It was also widely used for vernacular buildings in Eastern Central Europe, the Alps, the Balkans and parts of Asia, where similar climatic conditions prevail. In warmer and added westerly regions of Europe, where deciduous trees predominate, timber framing was favored instead.

Beams and columns

In building structures, columns are joined to
different footings to convey the load of the building to
the footings of the building. Columns are classified as
slender columns and short columns. The slender
columns were introduced with the result of high
strength materials. The column is said to be slender, if
the cross sectional dimensions are small compared to
its length. The load actions on the slender columns are
high-flying in the form of lateral deflection.
The columns are classified as short columns when the
condition is opposite to that of slender columns. In
practice, short columns are widely used than slender
columns. In short columns, compression action
dominates above the bending action.
In concrete columns, whether slender or short, the main
reinforcements are used parallel to the vertical loads,
and rectangular or circular ties are used to prevent the
bars buckling action. The vertical reinforcement has to
be erected straight while pouring concrete.
Beams
Beams in a structure is used to carry the loads from the
slabs to the columns. In a broader context, concrete
beams can be classified as T beams, L beams and
rectangular beams. The definition of either L , T or
rectangular is got because of the shape of the cross
sectional area. In steel beams there are I sections, L
sections, U sections etc.
Beams are mainly designed for bending moments and
shear stress that are the results of loading. In concrete
beams, the transverse reinforcement is used to prevent
the bending moments while the vertical reinforcement is
used to prevent the shear stresses caused due to
loading.
In the industry, pre-stressed concrete beams are widely
used in Bridges, while in small scale in houses. The
advantage of the prestressed beam is the higher load
carrying capacity compared to the normal beam.
Colums vs Beams
- Both, the beams and columns are load carrying elements, but
differ in the method or the way of handling the load by each
member. That means, the columns bear the compression of the
load, whereas beams bear the bending moment and the shear
force of the load.
- Similar materials are used in the construction of columns and
beams, which are steel, timber and concrete.
- A building can’t stand without columns but a building can stand
without beams.
- Design classifications of beams and columns are different.
Column are classified as slender or short, while beams are
classified as T,L or rectangular.
- The ties of the columns and the ties or shear reinforcement of
beams act differently.
- One should be careful in stating the behavior of each, because the
behaviors of the two elements are different.

Earth sheltering is the architectural practice of using earth against building walls for external thermal mass, to reduce heat loss. Moreover to easily maintain a steady indoor air temperature. It has become relatively more popular in modern times, especially among environmentalists and advocates of passive solar and sustainable architecture. Nevertheless, the practice has been around for nearly as long as humans have been constructing their own shelters.